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Project Blue Sky Inc v Australian Broadcasting Authority

[1998] HCA 28 ; (1998) 194 CLR 355 ; (1998) 153 ALR 490 ; (1998) 72 ALJR 841 ; (1998) 194 CLR 335 ; [1998] 194 CLR 355 ; (1998) 194 CLR 35 ; (1997) 194 CLR 355 ; (1998) 104 CLR 355 ; (1998) 194 CLR 555 ; [1998] 8 Leg Rep 41 ; (1989) 194 CLR 355 ; (1994) 194 CLR 355 ; (1998) 124 CLR 355 ; (1998) 184 CLR 355 ; (1998) 194 CLE 355 ; (1998) 194 CLR 455 ; (1998) 194 CLR 535 ; (2008) 194 CLR 355 ; [1998] 194 CLR 555

High Court of Australia · 1998 · Official judgment

Cited by 2,785 indexed judgments

All Overruled or disapproved 1 Not followed 3 Distinguished 6 Applied or followed 249 Cited 2,526

1998: 16 citing judgments, 1 negative 1999: 23 citing judgments 2000: 42 citing judgments 2001: 40 citing judgments 2002: 65 citing judgments, 2 negative 2003: 59 citing judgments, 1 negative 2004: 64 citing judgments 2005: 88 citing judgments 2006: 103 citing judgments 2007: 120 citing judgments, 1 negative 2008: 100 citing judgments 2009: 91 citing judgments 2010: 87 citing judgments, 1 negative 2011: 102 citing judgments, 1 negative 2012: 95 citing judgments, 1 negative 2013: 117 citing judgments 2014: 121 citing judgments 2015: 114 citing judgments 2016: 131 citing judgments 2017: 135 citing judgments 2018: 152 citing judgments 2019: 121 citing judgments 2020: 168 citing judgments, 2 negative 2021: 151 citing judgments 2022: 142 citing judgments 2023: 170 citing judgments 2024: 142 citing judgments 2025: 22 citing judgments 2026: 4 citing judgments 1998 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
citing judgments per year of which distinguished, doubted, not followed or overruled · line marks the decision

Sort: Oldest first Newest first Most cited

  1. Re East; Ex parte Nguyen [1998] HCA 73 Cited High Court of Australia · cited 64× · judgment
  2. Attorney-General (Cth) v Breckler [1999] HCA 28 Cited High Court of Australia · cited 139× · judgment
  3. Deeral, Erica (On Behalf of Herself & the Gamaay Peoples) & Ors v Charlie, Gordon & Ors [1998] FCA 723 Applied or followed Federal Court of Australia · judgment
  4. Stora Australia Pty Ltd v Anti-Dumping Authority & Ors [1998] FCA 594 Cited Federal Court of Australia · judgment
  5. Velmir, Zeljana v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural Affairs [1998] FCA 882 Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 1× · judgment
  6. John Pfeiffer Pty Ltd v Rogerson, David [1998] FCA 815 Cited Federal Court of Australia · judgment
  7. Goldie, Brian Gerald James v Commonwealth of Australia & Anor [1998] FCA 894 Cited Federal Court of Australia · judgment
  8. Din, Fazal v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural Affairs [1998] FCA 961 Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 2× · judgment
  9. Construction, Forestry, Mining & Energy Union & Anor v Curragh Queensland Mining Ltd [1998] FCA 1231 Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 3× · judgment
  10. Nguyen, Minh Quang v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural Affairs [1998] FCA 1307 Cited Federal Court of Australia · judgment
  11. Kumaraperu, Mary Suresha v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural Affairs [1998] FCA 1333 Cited Federal Court of Australia · judgment
  12. Kazar, Henry Joseph v Duus, Ross Andrew & Ors [1998] FCA 1378 Applied or followed Federal Court of Australia · cited 28× · judgment
  13. Botany Bay City Council v Minister of State for Transport & Regional Development & Ors [1998] FCA 1390 Applied or followed Federal Court of Australia · judgment
  14. Randwick City Council & Anor v Minister for the Environment & Anor [1998] FCA 1376 Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 11× · judgment
  15. ATTORNEY GENERAL OF NEW SOUTH WALES and ANOR v CIVIC TRANSPORT SERVICES PTY LTD [1998] NSWCA 20 Cited NSW Court of Appeal · judgment
  16. Mogensen. Jan v Conway, Gerard [1998] FCA 1565 Distinguished Federal Court of Australia · judgment
  17. Esso Australia Resources Ltd v The Commissioner of Taxation of the Commonwealth of Australia [1998] FCA 1655 Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 40× · judgment
  18. VANMELD PTY LIMITED v FAIRFIELD CITY COUNCIL & ANOR [1999] NSWCA 6 Cited NSW Court of Appeal · cited 74× · judgment
  19. TIMBARRA PROTECTION COALITION INC v ROSS MINING NL & ORS [1999] NSWCA 8 Cited NSW Court of Appeal · cited 225× · judgment
  20. A v Pelekanakis, Bob & Anor [1999] FCA 236 Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 14× · judgment
  21. Trowbridge & Anor -v- Ledbury & Ors [1999] NSWLEC 94 Cited Land and Environment Court of NSW · judgment
  22. NSWCC v Davies [1999] NSWSC 354 Cited Supreme Court of NSW · cited 6× · judgment
  23. Australian Securities & Investments Commission v Terra Industries Inc [1999] FCA 525 Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 2× · judgment
  24. TRANSPORT ACTION GROUP AGAINST MOTORWAYS INC v ROADS & TRAFFIC AUTHORITY & ANOR [1999] NSWCA 196 Cited NSW Court of Appeal · cited 67× · judgment
  25. Hamersley Iron Pty Ltd v National Competition Council [1999] FCA 867 Cited Federal Court of Australia · judgment
  26. Law Society of New South Wales -v- Hughes [1999] NSWADT 44 Cited Administrative Decisions Tribunal (NSW) · cited 3× · judgment
  27. R v Young [1999] NSWCCA 166 Cited NSW Court of Criminal Appeal · cited 178× · judgment
  28. Stutchbury v Pittwater Council [1999] NSWLEC 177 Cited Land and Environment Court of NSW · cited 10× · judgment
  29. KEPCO Bylong Australia Pty Ltd v Independent Planning Commission (No 2) [2020] NSWLEC 179 Cited Land and Environment Court of NSW · cited 3× · judgment
  30. Einfeld v HIH Casualty [1999] NSWSC 867 Cited Supreme Court of NSW · judgment
  31. Schanka v Employment National (Administration) Pty Ltd [1999] FCA 1334 Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 10× · judgment
  32. Fernando v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural Affairs [1999] FCA 1375 Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 8× · judgment
  33. Randwick City Council v Minister for the Environment [1999] FCA 1494 Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 5× · judgment
  34. TGI Friday's of Minnesota, Inc v TGI Friday's Australia Pty Ltd [1999] FCA 1575 Applied or followed Federal Court of Australia · judgment
  35. Lardil, Kaiadilt, Yangkaal & Gangalidda Peoples v State of Queensland [1999] FCA 1633 Applied or followed Federal Court of Australia · judgment
  36. John Brown Lenton and Co Pty Ltd v Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning and Ors [1999] NSWLEC 213 Cited Land and Environment Court of NSW · cited 14× · judgment
  37. Airservices Australia v Canadian Airlines International Ltd [1999] HCA 62 Cited High Court of Australia · cited 49× · judgment
  38. Xu v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural Affairs [1999] FCA 1741 Applied or followed Federal Court of Australia · cited 53× · judgment
  39. Belongil Progress Association Inc v Byron Shire Council and Anor [1999] NSWLEC 271 Cited Land and Environment Court of NSW · cited 1× · judgment
  40. Watkins -v- Chief Executive, Roads and Traffic Authority [2000] NSWADT 11 Cited Administrative Decisions Tribunal (NSW) · cited 25× · judgment
  41. Commissioner of Taxation v Ryan [2000] HCA 4 Cited High Court of Australia · cited 75× · judgment
  42. Barwick v Law Society of New South Wales [2000] HCA 2 Applied or followed High Court of Australia · cited 36× · judgment
  43. Australian Securities and Investments Commission v DB Management Pty Ltd [2000] HCA 7 Cited High Court of Australia · cited 65× · judgment
  44. Meriton Apartments Pty Ltd v Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning & Or [2000] NSWLEC 20 Cited Land and Environment Court of NSW · cited 13× · judgment
  45. Canberra Tradesman's Union Club Inc v Minister for Environment, Land & Planning [2000] FCA 203 Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 1× · judgment
  46. X -v- Commissioner, Community Services Commission (CSD) [2000] NSWADTAP 2 Cited ADT Appeal Panel (NSW) · cited 2× · judgment
  47. Kringas v Cooma-Monaro Shire Council [2000] NSWLEC 53 Cited Land and Environment Court of NSW · cited 1× · judgment
  48. Hall v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural Affairs [2000] FCA 415 Applied or followed Federal Court of Australia · cited 12× · judgment
  49. Fernando v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural Affairs [2000] FCA 324 Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 41× · judgment
  50. REPATRIATION COMMISSION v VIETNAM VETERANS' ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA NSW BRANCH INC. & ORS [2000] NSWCA 65 Cited NSW Court of Appeal · cited 44× · judgment

Tree of authority

Built on

The authorities this case relies on, earliest first, and the authorities those relied on. Open a branch to go further back.

Built upon

Later cases citing this one, in order of decision, and the cases citing them in turn. The most cited are shown at each level.

Authorities cited (84)

Earliest first, with how this judgment treated each.

  1. R v Berchet (1688) 1 Show KB 106 Cited cited 27×
  2. Stallwood v Tredger (1815) 2 Phill Ecc 287 Cited
  3. Caldow v Pixell (1877) 2 CPD 562 Cited cited 4×
  4. Howard v Bodington (1877) 2 PD 203 Cited cited 17×
  5. Thwaites v Wilding (1883) 12 QBD 4 Cited
  6. Colquhoun v Brooks (1889) 14 App Cas 493 Cited cited 3×
  7. Edwards v Roberts [1891] 1 QB 302 Cited
  8. Institute of Patent Agents v Lockwood [1894] AC 347 Cited cited 45×
  9. Maloney v McEacharn (1904) 1 CLR 77 Cited cited 3×
  10. Commonwealth v Baume [1905] HCA 11 Cited cited 125×
  11. Osborne v The Commonwealth (1911) 12 CLR 321 Cited cited 12×
  12. Buchanan v The Commonwealth [1913] HCA 29 Cited cited 9×
  13. Toronto Suburban Railway Co v Toronto Corporation [1915] AC 590 Cited cited 32×
  14. Australian Alliance Assurance Co Ltd v Attorney-General (Q) [1916] St R Qd 135 Cited cited 28×
  15. Montreal Street Railway Co v Normandin [1917] AC 170 Cited cited 17×
  16. Minister for Lands (NSW) v Jeremias [1917] HCA 41 Cited cited 35×
  17. Parisienne Basket Shoes Pty Ltd v Whyte [1938] HCA 7 Cited cited 165×
  18. R v Murray; Ex parte Proctor [1949] HCA 10 Cited cited 68×
  19. Morton v Union Steamship Co of New Zealand Ltd [1951] HCA 42 Cited cited 57×
  20. Commissioner for Railways (NSW) v Agalianos [1955] HCA 27 Cited cited 194×
  21. Simpson v Attorney-General (NZ) [1955] NZLR 271 Cited cited 6×
  22. Shanahan v Scott [1957] HCA 4 Cited cited 84×
  23. Peppers Self Service Stores Pty Ltd v Scott (1958) 98 CLR 606 Cited
  24. Clayton v Heffron [1960] HCA 92 Cited cited 29×
  25. Tooheys Ltd v Commissioner of Stamp Duties (NSW) [1961] HCA 35 Cited cited 69×
  26. Cullimore v Lyme Regis Corporation [1962] 1 QB 718 Cited
  27. SS Constructions Pty Ltd v Ventura Motors Pty Ltd [1964] VR 229 Cited cited 9×
  28. Utah Construction and Engineering Pty Ltd v Pataky [1966] AC 629 Cited cited 9×
  29. Herald and Weekly Times Ltd v The Commonwealth [1966] HCA 78 Cited cited 18×
  30. Banks v Transport Regulation Board (Vic) (1968) 119 CLR 222 Cited cited 33×
  31. Public Prosecutor v Oie Hee Koi [1968] AC 829 Cited cited 6×
  32. Sutherland Shire Council v Finch [1970] HCA 49 Cited cited 20×
  33. Willocks v Anderson [1971] HCA 28 Cited cited 14×
  34. R v Inner London Betting Licensing Committee; Ex parte Pearcy [1972] 1 All ER 932 Cited
  35. R v Inner London Betting Licensing Committee; Ex parte Pearcy [1972] 1 WLR 421 Cited
  36. Scurr v Brisbane City Council [1973] HCA 39 Cited cited 51×
  37. Victoria v The Commonwealth and Connor [1975] HCA 39 Cited cited 38×
  38. Murphyores Incorporated Pty Ltd v The Commonwealth [1976] HCA 20 Cited cited 56×
  39. Taylor v Public Service Board (NSW) [1976] HCA 36 Cited cited 55×
  40. Hatton v Beaumont [1977] 2 NSWLR 211 Cited cited 24×
  41. Franklins Stores Pty Ltd v Lizelle Pty Ltd [1977] 2 NSWLR 955 Cited cited 21×
  42. Spicer v Holt [1977] AC 987 Cited cited 3×
  43. Tasker v Fullwood [1978] 1 NSWLR 20 Cited cited 93×
  44. Grunwick Processing Laboratories Ltd v Advisory Conciliation and Arbitration Service [1978] AC 655 Cited cited 17×
  45. London & Clydeside Estates Ltd v Aberdeen District Council [1979] 3 All ER 876 Cited cited 2×
  46. Ross v The Queen [1979] HCA 29 Cited cited 57×
  47. R v Ross-Jones; Ex parte Beaumont [1979] HCA 5 Cited cited 7×
  48. London & Clydeside Estates Ltd v Aberdeen District Council [1980] 1 WLR 182 Cited cited 2×
  49. Saif Ali v Sydney Mitchell & Co [1980] AC 198 Cited cited 53×
  50. Refrigerated Express Lines (Australasia) Pty Ltd v Australian Meat and Live-stock Corporation (No 2) [1980] FCA 38 Cited cited 25×
  51. Neal v Department of Transport [1980] FCA 45 Cited cited 63×
  52. National Mutual Fire Insurance Co Ltd v Commonwealth of Australia [1981] 1 NSWLR 400 Cited cited 35×
  53. Cooper Brookes (Wollongong) Pty Ltd v Federal Commissioner of Taxation [1981] HCA 26 Cited cited 693×
  54. Commonwealth v Tasmania [1983] HCA 21 Cited cited 183×
  55. Perlman v Perlman [1984] HCA 4 Cited cited 21×
  56. Clyne v Deputy Commissioner of Taxation [1984] HCA 44 Cited cited 66×
  57. R v Ross-Jones; Ex parte Green [1984] HCA 82 Cited cited 91×
  58. South West Water Authority v Rumble's [1985] AC 609 Cited cited 38×
  59. TVW Enterprises Ltd v Duffy (No 3) [1985] FCA 382 Cited cited 13×
  60. K & S Lake City Freighters Pty Ltd v Gordon & Gotch Ltd [1985] HCA 48 Cited cited 194×
  61. McRae v Coulton (1986) 7 NSWLR 644 Cited cited 31×
  62. Broadbridge v Stammers (1987) 16 FCR 296 Cited cited 22×
  63. Hunter Resources Ltd v Melville [1988] HCA 5 Cited cited 65×
  64. Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v Minister for Transport and Communications [1989] FCA 26 Cited cited 25×
  65. Sandvik Australia Pty Ltd v The Commonwealth [1989] FCA 551 Cited cited 6×
  66. Australian Broadcasting Corporation v Redmore Pty Ltd [1989] HCA 15 Cited cited 36×
  67. Yates Security Services Pty Ltd v Keating (1990) 25 FCR 1 Cited cited 12×
  68. O'Grady v Northern Queensland Co Ltd [1990] HCA 16 Cited cited 96×
  69. Mark v Australian Broadcasting Tribunal (1991) 32 FCR 476 Cited cited 4×
  70. Waters v Public Transport Corporation [1991] HCA 49 Cited cited 337×
  71. Chu Kheng Lim v Minister for Immigration [1992] HCA 64 Cited cited 352×
  72. Cooper CJ; Minister for Resources v Dover Fisheries Pty Ltd [1993] FCA 366 Cited cited 62×
  73. Wang v Commissioner of Inland Revenue [1994] 1 WLR 1286 Cited cited 8×
  74. Coco v The Queen [1994] HCA 15 Cited cited 371×
  75. Smith v The Queen [1994] HCA 60 Cited cited 38×
  76. Wang v Commissioner of Inland Revenue [1995] 1 All ER 367 Cited cited 6×
  77. Shop, Distributive & Allied Employees Association v Minister for Industrial Affairs (SA) [1995] HCA 11 Cited cited 47×
  78. Minister of State for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs v Teoh [1995] HCA 20 Cited cited 502×
  79. Johnston v Paspaley Pearls Pty Ltd (1996) 110 NTR 1 Cited cited 4×
  80. Project Blue Sky Inc v Australian Broadcasting Authority (1996) 68 FCR 455 Cited
  81. Australian Broadcasting Authority v Project Blue Sky Inc (1996) 71 FCR 465 Cited
  82. Harrington v Lowe [1996] HCA 8 Cited cited 68×
  83. Collins Radio Constructions Inc v Day (1997) 116 NTR 14 Cited cited 4×
  84. A v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural Affairs [1997] HCA 4 Cited cited 414×
How the citator works

Citations are read from the text of each indexed judgment. A report citation written alongside a neutral citation, such as [2008] HCA 9; (2008) 234 CLR 50, teaches the citator that both name the same case, so later citations by either are counted together.

Treatment is read from the words in the sentence that cites the case: overruled or disapproved; not followed or declined to follow; distinguished or distinguishable; doubted; applied, followed or adopted. Anything else is cited. It is a guide to which judgments to read, not a judicial history: a judgment that discusses a case at length without one of those words is shown as citing it, and one mentioning several cases in a sentence may attach the word to all of them.

Only judgments in this index are counted, mostly the High Court, the Federal Court and New South Wales courts and tribunals since 2006. Earlier cases appear as authorities but their own authorities are unknown, so a tree ends there. Check a treatment by reading the passage before relying on it.

Judgment text is from the Open Australian Legal Corpus (Isaacus, CC BY 4.0) and the courts’ own websites. Each judgment links to its official version: read it before relying on anything here.