High Court of Australia · 6 May 2026 · Official judgment
No indexed judgment cites this case yet.
The authorities this case relies on, earliest first, and the authorities those relied on. Open a branch to go further back.
[1992] HCA 64 Cited cited 352×[1994] HCA 15 Cited cited 371×[1995] HCA 20 Cited cited 502×[1985] HCA 81 Cited cited 1,205×[1986] HCA 40 Cited cited 2,191×[1990] HCA 21 Cited cited 736×[1992] HCA 10 Cited cited 734×[1992] HCA 57 Cited cited 375×[1992] HCA 23 Cited cited 370×[1998] HCA 28 Cited cited 2,785×[1981] HCA 26 Cited cited 693×[1991] HCA 49 Cited cited 337×[1992] HCA 64 Cited cited 352×[1994] HCA 15 Cited cited 371×[1995] HCA 20 Cited cited 502×[1985] HCA 81 Cited cited 1,205×[1986] HCA 40 Cited cited 2,191×[1990] HCA 21 Cited cited 736×[1992] HCA 10 Cited cited 734×[1997] HCA 4 Cited cited 414×[1989] HCA 62 Cited cited 873×[1992] HCA 64 Cited cited 352×[1995] HCA 20 Cited cited 502×[1996] HCA 6 Cited cited 2,712×[2002] HCA 11 Cited cited 579×[1985] HCA 81 Cited cited 1,205×[1995] HCA 58 Cited cited 1,391×[1966] HCA 69 Cited cited 109×[1985] HCA 67 Distinguished cited 118×[1986] HCA 7 Cited cited 336×[1992] HCA 57 Cited cited 375×[1998] HCA 28 Cited cited 2,785×[1981] HCA 26 Cited cited 693×[1994] HCA 15 Cited cited 371×[1995] HCA 20 Cited cited 502×[1997] HCA 4 Cited cited 414×[1999] HCA 21 Cited cited 971×[1999] HCA 14 Cited cited 844×[1986] HCA 40 Applied or followed cited 2,191×[1990] HCA 33 Cited cited 2,077×[1995] HCA 58 Cited cited 1,391×[1996] HCA 6 Cited cited 2,712×[2000] HCA 57 Cited cited 962×[2003] HCA 2 Cited cited 1,335×[1936] HCA 40 Cited cited 4,342×[1990] HCA 33 Cited cited 2,077×[1995] HCA 58 Cited cited 1,391×[1966] HCA 69 Cited cited 109×[1985] HCA 67 Distinguished cited 118×[1986] HCA 7 Cited cited 336×[1992] HCA 57 Cited cited 375×[1998] HCA 28 Cited cited 2,785×[1981] HCA 26 Cited cited 693×[1994] HCA 15 Cited cited 371×[1995] HCA 20 Cited cited 502×[1997] HCA 4 Cited cited 414×[1999] HCA 21 Cited cited 971×[2000] HCA 57 Cited cited 962×[2004] HCA 37 Cited cited 237×[1988] HCA 14 Cited cited 1,716×[1995] HCA 20 Cited cited 502×[1985] HCA 81 Cited cited 1,205×[1986] HCA 40 Cited cited 2,191×[1990] HCA 21 Cited cited 736×[1992] HCA 10 Cited cited 734×[1998] HCA 28 Cited cited 2,785×[1981] HCA 26 Cited cited 693×[1994] HCA 15 Cited cited 371×[1995] HCA 20 Cited cited 502×[1997] HCA 4 Cited cited 414×[1999] HCA 14 Cited cited 844×[1986] HCA 40 Applied or followed cited 2,191×[1990] HCA 33 Cited cited 2,077×[1995] HCA 58 Cited cited 1,391×[1996] HCA 6 Cited cited 2,712×[1999] HCA 27 Cited cited 469×[1939] HCA 23 Cited cited 473×[1992] HCA 10 Cited cited 734×[1998] HCA 30 Cited cited 431×[1999] HCA 14 Cited cited 844×[2003] HCA 2 Cited cited 1,335×[1936] HCA 40 Cited cited 4,342×[1990] HCA 33 Cited cited 2,077×[1995] HCA 58 Cited cited 1,391×[1998] HCA 28 Cited cited 2,785×[2010] HCA 41 Cited cited 299×[1985] HCA 81 Cited cited 1,205×[1986] HCA 40 Cited cited 2,191×[2000] HCA 57 Cited cited 962×[2003] HCA 2 Cited cited 1,335×[1936] HCA 40 Cited cited 4,342×[1990] HCA 33 Cited cited 2,077×[1995] HCA 58 Cited cited 1,391×[1998] HCA 28 Cited cited 2,785×[2003] HCA 26 Cited cited 943×[1999] HCA 21 Cited cited 971×[1999] HCA 14 Cited cited 844×[2000] HCA 57 Cited cited 962×[2003] HCA 2 Cited cited 1,335×[2003] HCA 6 Cited cited 918×[1985] HCA 81 Cited cited 1,205×[1986] HCA 54 Cited cited 682×[1990] HCA 21 Cited cited 736×[2000] HCA 57 Cited cited 962×[2010] HCA 23 Cited cited 283×[1985] HCA 81 Cited cited 1,205×[1998] HCA 28 Cited cited 2,785×[1981] HCA 26 Cited cited 693×[1994] HCA 15 Cited cited 371×[1995] HCA 20 Cited cited 502×[1997] HCA 4 Cited cited 414×[2000] HCA 57 Cited cited 962×[2003] HCA 2 Cited cited 1,335×[1936] HCA 40 Cited cited 4,342×[1990] HCA 33 Cited cited 2,077×[1995] HCA 58 Cited cited 1,391×[1998] HCA 28 Cited cited 2,785×[2003] HCA 6 Cited cited 918×[1985] HCA 81 Cited cited 1,205×[1986] HCA 54 Cited cited 682×[1990] HCA 21 Cited cited 736×[2000] HCA 57 Cited cited 962×[2006] HCA 63 Cited cited 914×[1984] FCA 57 Cited cited 378×[1990] HCA 21 Cited cited 736×(1994) 49 FCR 576 Cited cited 452×[1999] HCA 14 Cited cited 844×[2018] HCA 34 Cited cited 627×[2018] HCA 30 Cited cited 620×[1936] HCA 40 Cited cited 4,342×[2019] HCA 3 Cited cited 693×Earliest first, with how this judgment treated each.
(1893) 149 US 698
Cited cited 2× (1901) 180 US 486
Cited cited 2× [1906] HCA 58
Cited cited 32× [1907] HCA 25
Cited cited 6× [1923] HCA 39
Cited cited 52× [1925] HCA 53
Cited cited 86× [1928] HCA 18
Cited cited 19× [1931] HCA 34
Cited cited 185× [1949] HCA 6
Cited cited 34× [1949] HCA 65
Cited cited 61× [1956] HCA 10
Cited cited 172× [1975] HCA 62
Cited cited 15× [1977] HCA 26
Cited cited 83× (1981) 149 CLR 139
Cited cited 10× [1982] HCA 60
Cited cited 56× [1986] HCA 22
Cited cited 10× [1992] HCA 64
Cited cited 352× [1994] HCA 15
Cited cited 371× [1995] HCA 20
Cited cited 502× [1997] HCA 49
Cited cited 131× [1998] HCA 28
Cited cited 2,785× [1998] HCA 72
Cited cited 14× [2002] FCA 1625
Cited cited 32× [2002] HCA 11
Cited cited 579× [2003] FCA 458
Cited cited 7× [2003] FCAFC 131
Cited cited 70× [2003] FCAFC 185
Cited cited 9× [2003] FCAFC 292
Cited cited 44× [2003] HCA 2
Cited cited 1,335× [2004] FCA 1332
Cited cited 11× [2004] HCA 37
Cited cited 237× [2004] HCA 40
Cited cited 137× [2004] HCA 49
Cited cited 62× [2007] HCA 23
Cited cited 28× [2007] HCA 24
Cited cited 18× [2008] HCA 2
Cited cited 42× [2009] HCA 23
Cited cited 61× [2010] HCA 23
Cited cited 283× [2010] HCA 41
Cited cited 299× [2011] HCA 32
Cited cited 143× [2012] HCA 19
Cited cited 33× [2013] FCAFC 33
Cited cited 137× [2013] HCA 39
Cited cited 164× [2013] HCA 53
Cited cited 74× [2014] HCA 35
Cited cited 39× [2015] HCA 32
Cited cited 13× [2015] HCA 7
Cited cited 48× [2016] HCA 1
Cited cited 48× [2017] HCA 16
Cited cited 35× [2018] HCA 19
Cited cited 33× [2018] HCA 2
Cited cited 100× [2018] HCA 30
Cited cited 620× [2018] HCA 34
Cited cited 627× [2019] HCA 3
Cited cited 693× [2020] HCA 3
Cited cited 60× (2021) 43 Sydney Law Review 589
Cited [2021] FCA 259
Cited cited 6× [2021] FCAFC 55
Cited cited 31× [2021] HCA 16
Cited cited 14× [2021] HCA 21
Cited cited 71× [2021] HCA 30
Cited cited 19× [2021] HCA 4
Cited cited 32× [2021] HCA 5
Cited cited 34× (2022) 276 CLR 336
Cited cited 7× [2022] FCA 313
Cited cited 6× [2022] HCA 13
Cited cited 211× [2022] HCA 31
Cited cited 33× (2023) 280 CLR 137
Cited cited 11× (2023) 280 CLR 515
Cited cited 3× (2023) 280 CLR 62
Cited cited 3× (2024) 278 CLR 628
Cited cited 2× (2024) 280 CLR 321
Cited cited 7× (2024) 281 CLR 286
Cited cited 5× (2024) 282 CLR 172
Cited (2024) 99 ALJR 1
Cited cited 9× [2024] HCA 40
Cited cited 12× (2025) 100 ALJR 30
Cited cited 2× (2025) 34 Griffith Law Review 151
Cited (2025) 421 ALR 483
Cited cited 2× (2025) 422 ALR 94
Cited (2025) 425 ALR 116
Cited cited 4× (2025) 426 ALR 212
Cited cited 2× (2025) 99 ALJR 1388
Cited (2025) 99 ALJR 1408
Cited cited 4× (2025) 99 ALJR 486
Cited cited 2× (2025) 99 ALJR 619
Cited cited 2× [2025] FCA 540
Cited [2026] HCA 7
Cited Citations are read from the text of each indexed judgment. A report citation written alongside a neutral citation, such as [2008] HCA 9; (2008) 234 CLR 50, teaches the citator that both name the same case, so later citations by either are counted together.
Treatment is read from the words in the sentence that cites the case: overruled or disapproved; not followed or declined to follow; distinguished or distinguishable; doubted; applied, followed or adopted. Anything else is cited. It is a guide to which judgments to read, not a judicial history: a judgment that discusses a case at length without one of those words is shown as citing it, and one mentioning several cases in a sentence may attach the word to all of them.
Only judgments in this index are counted, mostly the High Court, the Federal Court and New South Wales courts and tribunals since 2006. Earlier cases appear as authorities but their own authorities are unknown, so a tree ends there. Check a treatment by reading the passage before relying on it.
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