Federal Court of Australia · 29 June 2021 · Official judgment
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[2021] FCA 1147
Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 5× · judgment
[2021] FCA 1320
Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 4× · judgment
[2021] FCA 1411
Cited Federal Court of Australia · judgment
[2021] FCA 1517
Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 1× · judgment
[2022] FCA 98
Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 5× · judgment
[2022] FCA 155
Cited Federal Court of Australia · judgment
[2022] FCA 344
Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 14× · judgment
[2022] NSWCATAP 133
Cited NCAT Appeal Panel · cited 26× · judgment
[2022] NSWCATCD 179
Cited NCAT Consumer and Commercial · judgment
[2022] FCA 1232
Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 1× · judgment
[2023] FCAFC 50
Cited Federal Court of Australia (Full Court) · cited 8× · judgment
[2023] NSWCA 74
Cited NSW Court of Appeal · cited 6× · judgment
[2023] NSWCA 211
Cited NSW Court of Appeal · cited 3× · judgment
[2023] FCAFC 179
Cited Federal Court of Australia (Full Court) · cited 4× · judgment
[2023] FCA 1457
Cited Federal Court of Australia · judgment
[2024] NSWCATAP 124
Cited NCAT Appeal Panel · judgment
[2024] NSWCATAP 131
Cited NCAT Appeal Panel · judgment
[2024] NSWCATAP 134
Cited NCAT Appeal Panel · cited 2× · judgment
[2024] FCA 788
Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 1× · judgment
[2024] NSWCATAP 208
Cited NCAT Appeal Panel · judgment
[2024] HCA 39
Cited High Court of Australia · cited 1× · judgment
The authorities this case relies on, earliest first, and the authorities those relied on. Open a branch to go further back.
[1916] HCA 81 Cited cited 155×[1946] HCA 54 Cited cited 130×[1955] HCA 19 Cited cited 114×[1959] HCA 8 Cited cited 2,918×[1982] HCA 44 Cited cited 513×[1982] FCA 170 Cited cited 315×[1990] HCA 11 Cited cited 607×[1991] HCA 54 Cited cited 609×[1992] HCA 55 Cited cited 796×[1998] HCA 28 Cited cited 2,785×[1981] HCA 26 Cited cited 693×[1991] HCA 49 Cited cited 337×[1992] HCA 64 Cited cited 352×[1994] HCA 15 Cited cited 371×[1995] HCA 20 Cited cited 502×[1985] HCA 81 Cited cited 1,205×[1986] HCA 40 Cited cited 2,191×[1990] HCA 21 Cited cited 736×[1992] HCA 10 Cited cited 734×[1997] HCA 4 Cited cited 414×[1989] HCA 62 Cited cited 873×[1992] HCA 64 Cited cited 352×[1995] HCA 20 Cited cited 502×[1996] HCA 6 Cited cited 2,712×[2001] HCA 52 Cited cited 383×[1985] HCA 75 Cited cited 434×[1991] HCA 12 Applied or followed cited 721×[1992] HCA 55 Cited cited 796×[1994] HCA 4 Cited cited 418×[1998] HCA 55 Cited cited 349×[1998] HCA 69 Cited cited 336×[1985] HCA 65 Cited cited 623×[1991] HCA 12 Cited cited 721×[1991] HCA 54 Cited cited 609×[1992] HCA 55 Cited cited 796×[2004] NSWCA 123 Cited cited 191×[1959] HCA 8 Cited cited 2,918×(1987) 10 NSWLR 247 Cited cited 804×[1993] HCA 78 Cited cited 520×(1997) 48 NSWLR 430 Cited cited 489×[1999] HCA 3 Cited cited 463×[2003] HCA 22 Cited cited 1,476×[1979] HCA 9 Cited cited 595×(1987) 10 NSWLR 247 Cited cited 804×[1993] HCA 78 Cited cited 520×[1999] HCA 3 Cited cited 463×Later cases citing this one, in order of decision, and the cases citing them in turn. The most cited are shown at each level.
[2021] FCA 1147 Cited cited 5×[2022] FCA 98 Cited cited 5×[2022] FCA 1475 Cited cited 9×[2023] NSWCA 163 Cited cited 19×[2024] FCAFC 18 Cited cited 1×[2024] NSWCA 230 Cited cited 8×[2021] FCA 1320 Cited cited 4×[2021] FCA 1411 Cited[2022] FCA 344 Cited cited 14×[2023] FCAFC 179 Cited cited 4×[2024] FCA 788 Cited cited 1×[2021] FCA 1411 Cited[2022] FCA 98 Cited cited 5×[2022] FCA 1007 Cited cited 1×[2022] NSWCA 259 Cited cited 14×[2023] FCA 1457 Cited[2024] FCAFC 18 Cited cited 1×[2025] HCA 10 Cited[2022] FCA 344 Cited cited 14×[2022] NSWDC 279 Cited cited 1×[2023] FCAFC 50 Cited cited 8×[2023] FCAFC 70 Cited cited 1×[2023] NSWCA 211 Cited cited 3×[2023] FCA 1209 Cited cited 4×[2023] FCA 1280 Cited cited 5×[2024] NSWCATAP 134 Cited cited 2×[2022] NSWCATAP 133 Cited cited 26×[2022] NSWCATCD 123 Cited cited 2×[2022] NSWCATAP 336 Cited cited 5×[2023] NSWCATAP 2 Cited cited 5×[2023] NSWCATAP 170 Cited cited 2×[2023] NSWCATAP 244 Cited cited 5×[2024] NSWCATAP 96 Cited cited 5×[2024] NSWCATAP 162 Cited cited 2×[2023] FCAFC 50 Cited cited 8×[2023] FCAFC 70 Cited cited 1×[2023] NSWCA 211 Cited cited 3×[2023] FCAFC 179 Cited cited 4×[2024] NSWCATAP 134 Applied or followed cited 2×[2024] FCA 788 Cited cited 1×[2024] HCA 38 Cited cited 1×[2024] HCA 39 Applied or followed cited 1×[2023] NSWCA 74 Cited cited 6×[2023] NSWSC 392 Cited[2023] NSWCA 101 Cited[2023] NSWCATAP 191 Cited cited 1×[2023] NSWCA 211 Cited cited 3×[2023] FCA 1280 Cited cited 5×[2024] NSWCATAP 78 Cited[2023] NSWCA 211 Cited cited 3×[2023] FCAFC 179 Cited cited 4×[2024] NSWCATAP 124 Cited[2024] NSWCATAP 134 Cited cited 2×[2024] FCA 788 Cited cited 1×[2024] HCA 39 Cited cited 1×Earliest first, with how this judgment treated each.
(1833) 111 ER 63
Cited (1854) 156 ER 145
Cited cited 56× [1911] 2 KB 786
Cited cited 68× [1916] HCA 81
Cited cited 155× [1946] HCA 54
Cited cited 130× [1951] HCA 79
Cited cited 111× [1955] HCA 19
Cited cited 114× [1959] HCA 8
Cited cited 2,918× [1971] HCA 52
Cited cited 92× [1982] FCA 170
Cited cited 315× [1982] HCA 44
Cited cited 513× [1990] HCA 11
Cited cited 607× [1990] HCA 58
Cited cited 69× [1991] HCA 54
Cited cited 609× (1992) 25 NSWLR 723
Cited cited 11× [1992] HCA 55
Cited cited 796× [1998] HCA 28
Cited cited 2,785× [2000] FCA 1099
Cited cited 17× [2001] HCA 52
Cited cited 383× [2003] FCA 36
Cited cited 19× [2003] FCAFC 151
Cited cited 62× [2004] NSWCA 123
Cited cited 191× [2006] TASSC 8
Cited cited 2× [2008] FCA 369
Cited cited 17× [2009] FCA 407
Cited cited 13× [2010] FCA 324
Cited cited 9× [2010] FCA 862
Cited cited 2× [2011] FCA 760
Cited cited 9× [2012] FCAFC 80
Cited cited 10× [2014] VSCA 338
Cited cited 19× [2015] WASCA 35
Cited cited 9× [2016] NSWSC 1898
Applied or followed cited 19× [2017] FCA 1575
Cited cited 3× [2017] FCA 771
Cited cited 4× [2018] FCA 426
Cited cited 28× [2018] FCA 703
Cited cited 15× [2018] FCAFC 155
Cited cited 42× [2018] FCAFC 25
Cited cited 10× [2018] NSWCA 26
Cited cited 27× [2019] NSWCATCD 52
Cited [2020] FCA 1117
Cited cited 5× [2020] FCA 1672
Cited cited 28× [2020] FCA 884
Cited cited 2× [2020] FCA 885
Cited [2020] HCA 17
Cited cited 56× Citations are read from the text of each indexed judgment. A report citation written alongside a neutral citation, such as [2008] HCA 9; (2008) 234 CLR 50, teaches the citator that both name the same case, so later citations by either are counted together.
Treatment is read from the words in the sentence that cites the case: overruled or disapproved; not followed or declined to follow; distinguished or distinguishable; doubted; applied, followed or adopted. Anything else is cited. It is a guide to which judgments to read, not a judicial history: a judgment that discusses a case at length without one of those words is shown as citing it, and one mentioning several cases in a sentence may attach the word to all of them.
Only judgments in this index are counted, mostly the High Court, the Federal Court and New South Wales courts and tribunals since 2006. Earlier cases appear as authorities but their own authorities are unknown, so a tree ends there. Check a treatment by reading the passage before relying on it.
Judgment text is from the Open Australian Legal Corpus (Isaacus, CC BY 4.0) and the courts’ own websites. Each judgment links to its official version: read it before relying on anything here.