Federal Court of Australia (Full Court) · 13 July 2018 · Official judgment
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[2018] FCAFC 145
Cited Federal Court of Australia (Full Court) · cited 31× · judgment
[2018] FCA 1333
Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 12× · judgment
[2018] FCA 1317
Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 7× · judgment
[2018] FCA 1404
Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 5× · judgment
[2018] FCA 1462
Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 21× · judgment
[2018] FCAFC 180
Cited Federal Court of Australia (Full Court) · cited 5× · judgment
[2018] FCA 1679
Cited Federal Court of Australia · judgment
[2018] FCA 1788
Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 2× · judgment
[2018] FCA 1782
Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 1× · judgment
[2018] FCA 1871
Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 5× · judgment
[2018] FCA 1901
Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 2× · judgment
[2018] FCA 1884
Cited Federal Court of Australia · judgment
[2019] FCA 98
Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 7× · judgment
[2019] FCA 99
Cited Federal Court of Australia · judgment
[2019] FCA 133
Cited Federal Court of Australia · judgment
[2019] FCA 112
Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 2× · judgment
[2019] FCA 283
Cited Federal Court of Australia · judgment
[2019] FCA 378
Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 5× · judgment
[2019] FCA 803
Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 3× · judgment
[2019] FCA 903
Cited Federal Court of Australia · judgment
[2019] FCA 1053
Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 3× · judgment
[2019] FCA 1105
Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 1× · judgment
[2019] FCA 1161
Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 1× · judgment
[2019] FCA 1370
Cited Federal Court of Australia · judgment
[2019] FCA 1828
Cited Federal Court of Australia · judgment
[2019] FCA 2167
Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 2× · judgment
[2019] FCA 1890
Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 10× · judgment
[2019] FCA 1963
Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 2× · judgment
[2019] FCAFC 221
Cited Federal Court of Australia (Full Court) · cited 2× · judgment
[2020] FCA 1
Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 1× · judgment
[2020] FCA 9
Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 3× · judgment
[2020] FCAFC 24
Cited Federal Court of Australia (Full Court) · cited 15× · judgment
[2020] FCA 262
Cited Federal Court of Australia · judgment
[2020] FCA 491
Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 6× · judgment
[2020] FCA 536
Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 1× · judgment
[2020] FCA 668
Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 3× · judgment
[2020] FCA 693
Cited Federal Court of Australia · judgment
[2020] FCA 759
Cited Federal Court of Australia · judgment
[2020] FCA 1211
Cited Federal Court of Australia · judgment
[2020] FCA 1401
Cited Federal Court of Australia · judgment
[2020] FCA 1803
Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 2× · judgment
[2021] FCAFC 27
Distinguished Federal Court of Australia (Full Court) · cited 2× · judgment
[2021] FCA 332
Cited Federal Court of Australia · judgment
[2021] FCA 401
Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 1× · judgment
[2021] NSWCATOD 112
Cited NCAT Occupational · cited 4× · judgment
[2022] FCA 124
Cited Federal Court of Australia · judgment
[2022] FCA 1436
Cited Federal Court of Australia · cited 1× · judgment
[2023] NSWCATCD 16
Cited NCAT Consumer and Commercial · judgment
[2023] FCA 864
Cited Federal Court of Australia · judgment
[2023] NSWLEC 93
Cited Land and Environment Court of NSW · cited 3× · judgment
The authorities this case relies on, earliest first, and the authorities those relied on. Open a branch to go further back.
[1995] HCA 58 Cited cited 1,391×[1964] AC 40 Cited cited 93×[1966] HCA 69 Cited cited 109×[1985] HCA 67 Distinguished cited 118×[1986] HCA 7 Cited cited 336×[1991] HCA 33 Cited cited 97×[1992] HCA 57 Cited cited 375×(1995) 57 FCR 451 Cited cited 243×[1996] HCA 6 Cited cited 2,712×[1949] HCA 26 Cited cited 337×[1989] HCA 62 Cited cited 873×[1990] HCA 33 Cited cited 2,077×[1990] HCA 21 Cited cited 736×[1990] HCA 20 Cited cited 647×[1993] FCA 456 Cited cited 845×[2003] HCA 26 Cited cited 943×[1999] HCA 21 Cited cited 971×[1999] HCA 14 Cited cited 844×[1986] HCA 40 Applied or followed cited 2,191×[1990] HCA 33 Cited cited 2,077×[1995] HCA 58 Cited cited 1,391×[1996] HCA 6 Cited cited 2,712×[2000] HCA 57 Cited cited 962×[2002] HCA 30 Cited cited 630×[1959] HCA 8 Cited cited 2,918×[1996] HCA 6 Cited cited 2,712×[1998] HCA 28 Cited cited 2,785×[2001] HCA 30 Cited cited 1,750×[2002] HCA 11 Cited cited 579×[1985] HCA 81 Cited cited 1,205×[1995] HCA 58 Cited cited 1,391×[1998] HCA 28 Cited cited 2,785×[1999] HCA 21 Cited cited 971×[2003] HCA 2 Cited cited 1,335×[1936] HCA 40 Cited cited 4,342×[1990] HCA 33 Cited cited 2,077×[1995] HCA 58 Cited cited 1,391×[1998] HCA 28 Cited cited 2,785×[2005] FCAFC 117 Cited cited 119×[1985] HCA 81 Applied or followed cited 1,205×[1986] HCA 40 Cited cited 2,191×[1995] HCA 58 Cited cited 1,391×[1966] HCA 69 Cited cited 109×[1985] HCA 67 Distinguished cited 118×[1986] HCA 7 Cited cited 336×[1992] HCA 57 Cited cited 375×[2000] HCA 57 Applied or followed cited 962×[2001] HCA 30 Applied or followed cited 1,750×[1986] HCA 40 Cited cited 2,191×[1990] HCA 33 Cited cited 2,077×[1995] HCA 58 Cited cited 1,391×[1996] HCA 6 Cited cited 2,712×[2003] HCA 26 Cited cited 943×[1999] HCA 21 Cited cited 971×[1999] HCA 14 Cited cited 844×[2000] HCA 57 Cited cited 962×[2003] HCA 2 Cited cited 1,335×[2013] FCA 317 Cited cited 393×[1986] HCA 40 Cited cited 2,191×[1995] HCA 58 Cited cited 1,391×[1966] HCA 69 Cited cited 109×[1985] HCA 67 Distinguished cited 118×[1986] HCA 7 Cited cited 336×[1992] HCA 57 Cited cited 375×[1996] HCA 6 Cited cited 2,712×[1989] HCA 62 Cited cited 873×[1990] HCA 33 Cited cited 2,077×[1990] HCA 21 Cited cited 736×[1993] FCA 456 Cited cited 845×[2001] HCA 30 Cited cited 1,750×[1986] HCA 40 Cited cited 2,191×[1990] HCA 33 Cited cited 2,077×[1995] HCA 58 Cited cited 1,391×[1996] HCA 6 Cited cited 2,712×[2003] HCA 2 Cited cited 1,335×[1936] HCA 40 Cited cited 4,342×[1990] HCA 33 Cited cited 2,077×[1995] HCA 58 Cited cited 1,391×[1998] HCA 28 Cited cited 2,785×[2010] HCA 16 Cited cited 1,026×[1936] HCA 40 Cited cited 4,342×[1990] HCA 33 Cited cited 2,077×[1996] HCA 6 Cited cited 2,712×[2001] HCA 30 Cited cited 1,750×[2016] FCA 45 Cited cited 35×[2003] HCA 26 Cited cited 943×[1999] HCA 21 Cited cited 971×[1999] HCA 14 Cited cited 844×[2000] HCA 57 Cited cited 962×[2003] HCA 2 Cited cited 1,335×[2003] HCA 71 Cited cited 270×[1989] HCA 62 Cited cited 873×[1990] HCA 33 Cited cited 2,077×[2001] HCA 30 Cited cited 1,750×[2003] HCA 26 Cited cited 943×[2004] FCAFC 263 Cited cited 637×[2001] HCA 30 Cited cited 1,750×[2003] HCA 2 Overruled or disapproved cited 1,335×[2003] HCA 26 Cited cited 943×[2003] FCAFC 184 Cited cited 654×[2006] HCA 63 Cited cited 914×[1984] FCA 57 Cited cited 378×[1990] HCA 21 Cited cited 736×(1994) 49 FCR 576 Cited cited 452×[1999] HCA 14 Cited cited 844×[2010] HCA 16 Cited cited 1,026×[1936] HCA 40 Cited cited 4,342×[1990] HCA 33 Cited cited 2,077×[1996] HCA 6 Cited cited 2,712×[2001] HCA 30 Cited cited 1,750×[2013] HCA 18 Cited cited 1,516×[2017] FCAFC 176 Cited cited 142×[1995] HCA 58 Cited cited 1,391×[1966] HCA 69 Cited cited 109×[1985] HCA 67 Distinguished cited 118×[1986] HCA 7 Cited cited 336×[1992] HCA 57 Cited cited 375×[1996] HCA 6 Cited cited 2,712×[1989] HCA 62 Cited cited 873×[1990] HCA 33 Cited cited 2,077×[1990] HCA 21 Cited cited 736×[1993] FCA 456 Cited cited 845×[2004] FCAFC 263 Cited cited 637×[2001] HCA 30 Cited cited 1,750×[2003] HCA 2 Overruled or disapproved cited 1,335×[2003] HCA 26 Cited cited 943×[2003] FCAFC 184 Cited cited 654×[2007] HCA 22 Cited cited 819×[1938] HCA 34 Cited cited 3,164×[1959] HCA 8 Cited cited 2,918×[1993] HCA 15 Cited cited 493×[2000] HCA 57 Cited cited 962×[2013] HCA 18 Cited cited 1,516×[2017] HCA 34 Cited cited 583×[2017] FCA 958 Cited cited 86×[1986] HCA 40 Cited cited 2,191×[1995] HCA 58 Cited cited 1,391×[1966] HCA 69 Cited cited 109×[1985] HCA 67 Distinguished cited 118×[1986] HCA 7 Cited cited 336×[1992] HCA 57 Cited cited 375×[1996] HCA 6 Cited cited 2,712×[1989] HCA 62 Cited cited 873×[1990] HCA 33 Cited cited 2,077×[1990] HCA 21 Cited cited 736×[1993] FCA 456 Cited cited 845×[1999] UKHL 4 Cited cited 91×[2004] HCA 45 Cited cited 76×[2010] HCA 1 Cited cited 821×(1987) 10 NSWLR 247 Cited cited 804×[1995] HCA 58 Cited cited 1,391×[2000] HCA 57 Cited cited 962×[2003] HCA 2 Cited cited 1,335×[2017] FCAFC 192 Cited cited 43×[2017] FCAFC 176 Applied or followed cited 142×[1995] HCA 58 Cited cited 1,391×[1996] HCA 6 Cited cited 2,712×[2007] HCA 22 Cited cited 819×[2013] HCA 18 Cited cited 1,516×[2017] FCA 958 Applied or followed cited 86×[1986] HCA 40 Cited cited 2,191×[1995] HCA 58 Cited cited 1,391×[1996] HCA 6 Cited cited 2,712×[2010] HCA 1 Cited cited 821×[2017] FCAFC 136 Cited cited 50×[2000] HCA 63 Cited cited 1,161×[2000] HCA 48 Cited cited 574×[2001] HCA 17 Cited cited 848×[2007] HCA 22 Cited cited 819×[2017] FCCA 405 Cited cited 2×[2018] HCA 16 Cited cited 326×[2018] FCA 825 Cited cited 44×[1985] HCA 28 Cited cited 557×[1986] HCA 33 Cited cited 1,127×[1986] HCA 54 Cited cited 682×(1994) 49 FCR 576 Cited cited 452×[1995] HCA 20 Cited cited 502×[1985] HCA 81 Cited cited 1,205×[1986] HCA 40 Cited cited 2,191×[1990] HCA 21 Cited cited 736×[1992] HCA 10 Cited cited 734×[2003] HCA 6 Cited cited 918×[1985] HCA 81 Cited cited 1,205×[1986] HCA 54 Cited cited 682×[1990] HCA 21 Cited cited 736×[2000] HCA 57 Cited cited 962×Later cases citing this one, in order of decision, and the cases citing them in turn. The most cited are shown at each level.
[2018] FCAFC 145 Cited cited 31×[2019] FCA 331 Cited cited 70×[2019] FCA 1485 Cited cited 4×[2020] FCAFC 79 Cited cited 20×[2020] FCAFC 129 Cited cited 19×[2022] FCA 1002 Cited cited 4×[2022] FCAFC 176 Cited cited 4×[2022] FCAFC 181 Cited cited 6×[2018] FCA 1333 Cited cited 12×[2018] FCA 1641 Cited cited 49×[2018] FCA 1843 Cited[2018] FCA 1672 Cited cited 1×[2019] FCA 283 Cited[2019] FCA 803 Cited cited 3×[2019] FCA 1053 Cited cited 3×[2019] FCAFC 203 Cited cited 17×[2018] FCA 1317 Cited cited 7×[2018] FCA 1404 Cited cited 5×[2018] FCA 1451 Cited cited 3×[2018] FCA 1672 Cited cited 1×[2018] FCA 1884 Cited[2019] FCA 98 Cited cited 7×[2019] FCA 99 Cited[2023] FCA 1283 Cited cited 1×[2018] FCA 1404 Cited cited 5×[2019] FCA 744 Cited cited 2×[2019] FCA 1161 Cited cited 1×[2019] FCAFC 182 Cited cited 3×[2020] FCA 524 Cited[2020] FCA 1329 Cited[2018] FCA 1462 Cited cited 21×[2019] FCAFC 20 Cited cited 34×[2019] FCA 98 Cited cited 7×[2019] FCA 222 Cited cited 3×[2019] FCAFC 61 Cited cited 16×[2019] FCAFC 222 Applied or followed cited 10×[2020] FCA 304 Cited cited 11×[2020] FCA 565 Cited cited 5×[2018] FCAFC 180 Cited cited 5×[2019] FCA 872 Cited cited 1×[2019] FCAFC 157 Distinguished cited 2×[2020] FCA 406 Cited cited 1×[2020] FCA 1387 Cited[2023] FCA 792 Cited[2018] FCA 1871 Cited cited 5×[2019] FCA 112 Cited cited 2×[2019] FCA 1620 Cited cited 7×[2019] FCA 1890 Cited cited 10×[2019] FCA 1963 Cited cited 2×[2021] FCA 401 Not followed cited 1×[2019] FCA 98 Cited cited 7×[2019] FCA 378 Cited cited 5×[2019] FCA 965 Cited cited 1×[2019] FCA 1608 Cited[2020] FCA 9 Applied or followed cited 3×[2020] FCAFC 51 Cited[2021] FCA 387 Doubted cited 4×[2021] FCA 401 Cited cited 1×[2019] FCA 378 Cited cited 5×[2019] FCAFC 221 Cited cited 2×[2020] FCAFC 24 Cited cited 15×[2020] FCA 491 Cited cited 6×[2020] FCA 750 Cited[2021] FCA 238 Cited cited 4×[2019] FCA 1053 Cited cited 3×[2020] FCA 122 Cited cited 1×[2020] FCA 212 Cited cited 3×[2020] FCAFC 159 Cited cited 27×[2019] FCA 1890 Cited cited 10×[2019] FCA 1963 Cited cited 2×[2020] FCAFC 24 Cited cited 15×[2020] FCA 365 Cited cited 6×[2020] FCA 491 Cited cited 6×[2020] FCA 668 Cited cited 3×[2020] FCA 1358 Cited cited 1×[2020] FCAFC 174 Cited cited 4×[2020] FCAFC 24 Cited cited 15×[2020] FCA 491 Cited cited 6×[2020] FCAFC 159 Applied or followed cited 27×[2020] FCA 1803 Cited cited 2×[2021] FCA 238 Cited cited 4×[2021] FCAFC 58 Cited cited 13×[2021] HCA 17 Cited cited 384×[2023] NSWLEC 140 Cited cited 3×[2020] FCA 491 Cited cited 6×[2020] FCA 620 Cited cited 7×[2020] FCAFC 159 Cited cited 27×[2020] FCA 1803 Cited cited 2×[2021] FCA 332 Cited[2023] FCA 1162 Cited[2023] FCA 1272 Cited[2021] NSWCATOD 112 Cited cited 4×[2021] NSWCATOD 134 Cited[2022] NSWCATOD 35 Cited cited 2×[2024] NSWCATOD 144 Cited cited 1×[2025] NSWCATOD 10 CitedEarliest first, with how this judgment treated each.
(1995) 57 FCR 451
Cited cited 243× [1995] FCA 1726
Cited cited 31× [1995] HCA 58
Cited cited 1,391× [1996] HCA 6
Cited cited 2,712× [2003] HCA 26
Cited cited 943× [2005] FCAFC 117
Cited cited 119× [2013] FCA 317
Cited cited 393× [2016] FCA 45
Cited cited 35× [2017] FCA 512
Cited cited 33× [2017] FCA 958
Cited cited 86× [2017] FCAFC 176
Cited cited 142× [2017] FCAFC 192
Cited cited 43× [2017] FCCA 2378
Cited cited 3× [2018] FCA 628
Cited cited 6× [2018] FCA 825
Cited cited 44× [2018] FCAFC 33
Cited cited 31× [2018] HCA 16
Cited cited 326× Citations are read from the text of each indexed judgment. A report citation written alongside a neutral citation, such as [2008] HCA 9; (2008) 234 CLR 50, teaches the citator that both name the same case, so later citations by either are counted together.
Treatment is read from the words in the sentence that cites the case: overruled or disapproved; not followed or declined to follow; distinguished or distinguishable; doubted; applied, followed or adopted. Anything else is cited. It is a guide to which judgments to read, not a judicial history: a judgment that discusses a case at length without one of those words is shown as citing it, and one mentioning several cases in a sentence may attach the word to all of them.
Only judgments in this index are counted, mostly the High Court, the Federal Court and New South Wales courts and tribunals since 2006. Earlier cases appear as authorities but their own authorities are unknown, so a tree ends there. Check a treatment by reading the passage before relying on it.
Judgment text is from the Open Australian Legal Corpus (Isaacus, CC BY 4.0) and the courts’ own websites. Each judgment links to its official version: read it before relying on anything here.